\u6311\u9009\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u540d\u5b57\u966a\u4f34\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u7236\u6bcd\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u6700\u597d\u5448\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u9009\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u5b57\u6216\u5b57\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u90fd\u80fd\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u5e74\u4efd\u3001\u6708\u4efd\u3001\u65e5\u5b50\u76f8\u9002\u914d\u3002\u800c\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5fc5\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u586b\u8865\u5b69\u5b50\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u4e94\u884c\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8fce\u5408\u5b69\u5b50\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u7684\u4e94\u884c\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eca\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u597d\u540d\u5b57\u53ef\u4f9b\u6311\u9009\u5462\uff1f\u5feb\u6765\u770b\u770b\u63a8\u8350\u5427\u3002\u7ed9\u5085\u6c0f\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u63a8\u8350\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u597d\u542c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u7cbe\u9009\u597d\u540d\uff09
\n1.\u53ef\u53d6\u540d\u3010\u5085\u829d\u661f\u3011\uff0c\u4e94\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u4e3a\u6728-\u91d1\uff0c\u8bfb\u97f3\u4e3a zh\u012b x\u012bng\u3002\u829d\uff1a\u829d\u5b57\u539f\u4e49\u662f\u6307\u957f\u5728\u67af\u6811\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5ba1\uff0c\u5f62\u5982\u8611\u83c7\uff0c\u76d6\u90e8\u8d64\u8910\u6709\u5149\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u836f\u7528\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u89c2\u8d4f\u3002\u53e4\u4eba\u628a\u5b83\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u745e\u8349\uff0c\u53d6\u540d\u7075\u829d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u829d\u5b57\u53c8\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3a\u767d\u832b\u3001\u53c8\u540d\u829d\u5170\u7684\u9999\u8349\u3002\u4f5c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u7075\u829d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u5ef6\u5e74\u76ca\u5bff\u3001\u957f\u751f\u4e0d\u8001\u3001\u4f7f\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u6e05\u6c11\u548c\u3001\u6cb3\u6e05\u6d77\u664f\u7684\u795e\u7269\uff0c\u767d\u5170\u4e5f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u82ac\u82b3\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u745e\u8349\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u829d\u5b57\u591a\u4e3a\u4eba\u540d\u6240\u7528\u3002\u65e7\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u7537\u540d\uff0c\u5982\u4e09\u56fd\u65f6\u7684\u9093\u829d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u591a\u7528\u4e8e\u5973\u540d\uff0c\u661f\uff1a\u661f\u5b57\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5373\u5929\u7a7a\u4e2d\u9664\u592a\u9633\u548c\u6708\u4eae\u5916\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u773c\u775b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u53d1\u4eae\u7684\u5929\u4f53\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u55bb\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u4eba\u7269\uff1a\u5f71\u661f\u3001\u6b4c\u661f\u3002
\n2.\u53ef\u53d6\u540d\u3010\u5085\u590d\u68ee\u3011\uff0c\u4e94\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u4e3a\u6c34-\u6728\uff0c\u8bfb\u97f3\u4e3a f\u00f9 s\u0113n\u3002\u590d\uff1a\u590d\u5b57\u610f\u6307\u8fd4\uff0c\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u4f7f\u56de\u5f52\uff0c\u53c8\uff0c\u518d\u7b49\u3002\u68ee\uff1a\u68ee\u5b57\u610f\u4e3a\u672c\u4e49\u662f\u6307\u6811\u6728\u4e1b\u751f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u540e\u4e5f\u5f62\u5bb9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u3001\u8302\u76db\u6216\u68ee\u4e25\uff0c\u5e7d\u6697\u3002\u4f5c\u4eba\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53d6\u5176\u8302\u76db\u3001\u4f17\u591a\u4e4b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
3.\u53ef\u53d6\u540d\u3010\u5085\u5148\u4eea\u3011\uff0c\u4e94\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u4e3a\u91d1-\u6728\uff0c\u8bfb\u97f3\u4e3a xi\u0101n y\u00ed\u3002\u5148\uff1a\u5148\u5b57\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u8f83\u591a\uff0e\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u6b21\u5e8f\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u524d\u3001\u9996\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3001\u7956\u5148\u3001\u5148\u6c11\u7b49\u3002\u4f5c\u4eba\u542f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u53d6\u5176\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u4e89\u5148\u6050\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ee7\u627f\u5148\u70c8\u5148\u8d24\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4e4b\u4e49\u3002\u4eea\uff1a\u4eea\u5b57\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u793c\u8282\u3001\u4eea\u5f0f\u3001\u793c\u7269\u3001\u6cd5\u5ea6\u3001\u4eea\u5668\u3001\u5411\u5f80\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u4eba\u6709\u5173\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u6307\u5bb9\u8c8c\u548c\u4e3e\u6b62\u3002
\n4.\u53ef\u53d6\u540d\u3010\u5085\u589e\u76ca\u3011\uff0c\u4e94\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u4e3a\u571f-\u571f\uff0c\u8bfb\u97f3\u4e3a z\u0113ng y\u00ec\u3002\u589e\uff1a\u589e\u5b57\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u6bd4\u8f83\u5355\u7eaf\uff0c\u5373\u8868\u793a\u52a0\u591a\u548c\u6dfb\uff0e\u4e0e\u5e38\u7528\u8bcd\u8bed\u201c\u589e\u52a0\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u76ca\uff1a\u76ca\u5b57\u672c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u4e2d\u6ea2\u5b57\u7684\u672c\u5b57\uff0c\u6307\u7531\u4e8e\u6c34\u591a\u800c\u6ea2\u51fa\u5668\u76bf\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5f15\u7533\u4e3a\u6c34\u6da8\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u542b\u4e49\u4e13\u7531\u6ea2\u5b57\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u76ca\u5b57\u5219\u6307\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u597d\u5904\u3001\u5bcc\u9976\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u3001\u8865\u52a9\u7b49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f5c\u4e3a\u526f\u8bcd\u8868\u793a\u66f4\u52a0\u3001\u9010\u6e10\u7b49\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u4f5c\u4eba\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53d6\u7528\u76ca\u5b57\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u5bcc\u9976\u3001\u66f4\u52a0\u7b49\u542b\u4e49\u3002
\n5.\u53ef\u53d6\u540d\u3010\u5085\u6069\u5149\u3011\uff0c\u4e94\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u4e3a\u571f-\u706b\uff0c\u8bfb\u97f3\u4e3a \u0113n gu\u0101ng\u3002\u6069\uff1a\u6069\u5b57\u610f\u6307\u6069\u60e0\u6216\u60c5\u8c0a\u3002\u5149\uff1a\u5149\u5b57\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u8f83\u591a\uff0c\u4f5c\u4eba\u540d\u65f6\u591a\u53d6\u7528\u5176\u5149\u8363\u3001\u660e\u4eae\u3001\u8363\u8000\u3001\u8f89\u714c\u4e4b\u4e49\u3002
\n6.\u53ef\u53d6\u540d\u3010\u5085\u5fd7\u590d\u3011\uff0c\u4e94\u884c\u7ec4\u5408\u4e3a\u706b-\u6c34\uff0c\u8bfb\u97f3\u4e3a zh\u00ec f\u00f9\u3002\u5fd7\uff1a\u5fd7\u5b57\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u6307\u51b3\u5b9a\u548c\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8868\u793a\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u7b49\u3002\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u540d\u4e00\u822c\u6307\u5fd7\u5411\uff0c\u610f\u5fd7\u3002\u590d\uff1a\u590d\u5b57\u610f\u6307\u8fd4\uff0c\u56de\u53bb\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u4f7f\u56de\u5f52\uff0c\u53c8\uff0c\u518d\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed9\u5085\u6c0f\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u63a8\u8350\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u597d\u542c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u5217\u8868\uff09
\n[1] \u5085\u592b\u5e73 (f\u016b p\u00edng)\t\t\u3001\u5085\u4e91\u5188 (y\u00fan g\u0101ng)[2] \u5085\u4e15\u9752 (p\u012b q\u012bng)\t\t\u3001\u5085\u6893\u6ed4 (z\u01d0 t\u0101o)[3] \u5085\u5bcc\u94ed (f\u00f9 m\u00edng)\t\t\u3001\u5085\u9009\u5f6a (xu\u01cen bi\u0101o)[4] \u5085\u4e07\u5bb8 (w\u00e0n ch\u00e9n)\t\t\u3001\u5085\u4e91\u9aa7 (y\u00fan xi\u0101ng)[5] \u5085\u6636\u5b66 (ch\u01ceng xu\u00e9)\t\t\u3001\u5085\u6240\u946b (su\u01d2 x\u012bn)[6] \u5085\u5f3c\u5ead (b\u00ec t\u00edng)\t\t\u3001\u5085\u77e5\u6600 (zh\u00ec y\u00fan)[7] \u5085\u6653\u71d5 (xi\u01ceo y\u0101n)\t\t\u3001\u5085\u7acb\u9882 (l\u00ec s\u00f2ng)[8] \u5085\u80dc\u95ef (sh\u00e8ng chu\u01ceng)\t\t\u3001\u5085\u6b63\u56ed (zh\u00e8ng yu\u00e1n)[9] \u5085\u6f8e\u5b66 (p\u00e9ng xu\u00e9)\t\t\u3001\u5085\u592a\u6c38 (t\u00e0i y\u01d2ng)
\n\u7ed9\u5085\u6c0f\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u63a8\u8350\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u597d\u542c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u63a8\u8350\u7528\u5b57\uff09
\n1\u3001\u3010\u7ee7\u3011\u4e94\u884c\uff1a\u6728\uff1b\u59d3\u540d\u5b66\u7b14\u753b\uff1a20\u3002\u7ee7\u5b57\u7684\u672c\u4e49\u662f\u4e1d\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u5f15\u7533\u6307\u7ee7\u627f\u548c\u627f\u63a5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u8fde\u8d2f\u3002\u540d\u5b57\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5085\u7ee7\u9686 (j\u00ec l\u00f3ng)\u3001\u5085\u7ee7\u53cb (j\u00ec y\u01d2u)\u3001\u5085\u7ee7\u5149 (j\u00ec gu\u0101ng)\u3001\u5085\u7ee7\u90fd (j\u00ec d\u016b)\u3001\u5085\u7ee7\u539a (j\u00ec h\u00f2u)\u3002
\n2\u3001\u3010\u51cc\u3011\u4e94\u884c\uff1a\u706b\uff1b\u59d3\u540d\u5b66\u7b14\u753b\uff1a10\u3002\u672c\u4e49:\u51b0\u3002\u51cc\u51b0\u540d\u5b57\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5085\u51cc\u79c0 (l\u00edng xi\u00f9)\u3001\u5085\u51cc\u82d1 (l\u00edng yu\u00e0n)\u3001\u5085\u5168\u51cc (qu\u00e1n l\u00edng)\u3001\u5085\u6708\u51cc (yu\u00e8 l\u00edng)\u3001\u5085\u5e0c\u51cc (x\u012b l\u00edng)\u3002
\n3\u3001\u3010\u851a\u3011\u4e94\u884c\uff1a\u6728\uff1b\u59d3\u540d\u5b66\u7b14\u753b\uff1a17\u3002\u851a\u662f\u4e2a\u591a\u97f3\u5b57\uff0c\u5ff5y\u00f9\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5730\u540d\u7528\u5b57\u3002\u5ff5w\u00e8i\u65f6\uff0c\u6307\u8349\u6728\u8302\u76db\uff0c\u805a\u96c6\uff0c\u76db\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u6709\u6587\u91c7\uff0c\u6587\u8f9e\u534e\u7f8e\u3002\u540d\u5b57\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5085\u851a\u9e92 (y\u00f9 q\u00ed)\u3001\u5085\u626c\u851a (y\u00e1ng y\u00f9)\u3001\u5085\u542f\u851a (q\u01d0 y\u00f9)\u3001\u5085\u851a\u7487 (y\u00f9 xu\u00e1n)\u3001\u5085\u679c\u851a (gu\u01d2 y\u00f9)\u3002
\n4\u3001\u3010\u884c\u3011\u4e94\u884c\uff1a\u6c34\uff1b\u59d3\u540d\u5b66\u7b14\u753b\uff1a6\u30021\u3001\u6392\uff0c\u961f\u5217\uff1b2\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u3001\u59d0\u59b9\u957f\u5e7c\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff1b3\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\uff1b4\u3001\u67d0\u4e9b\u5546\u5e97\u6216\u8425\u4e1a\u6027\u673a\u6784\uff1b5\u3001\u91cf\u8bcd\uff1b6\u3001[\u884c\u5bb6]\u7cbe\u901a\u67d0\u9879\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u540d\u5b57\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5085\u884c\u5ddd (x\u00edng chu\u0101n)\u3001\u5085\u661f\u884c (x\u012bng x\u00edng)\u3001\u5085\u5ddd\u884c (chu\u0101n x\u00edng)\u3001\u5085\u4e07\u884c (w\u00e0n x\u00edng)\u3001\u5085\u8fdc\u884c (yu\u01cen x\u00edng)\u3002
\n5\u3001\u3010\u94a2\u3011\u4e94\u884c\uff1a\u91d1\uff1b\u59d3\u540d\u5b66\u7b14\u753b\uff1a16\u3002\u6307\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cbe\u70bc\u7684\u94c1\uff0c\u542b\u78b30.15%\u81f31.7%\uff0c\u4e0d\u542b\u78f7\u3001\u786b\u7b49\u6742\u8d28\u3002\u540e\u5bd3\u6307\u575a\u5f3a\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u4e0d\u79fb\u3002\u540d\u5b57\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5085\u6eaa\u94a2 (x\u012b g\u0101ng)\u3001\u5085\u94a2\u6e90 (g\u0101ng yu\u00e1n)\u3001\u5085\u6765\u94a2 (l\u00e1i g\u0101ng)\u3001\u5085\u5e94\u94a2 (y\u012bng g\u0101ng)\u3001\u5085\u4ec1\u94a2 (r\u00e9n g\u0101ng)\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ed9\u5085\u6c0f\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u63a8\u8350\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u597d\u542c\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff08\u540d\u5b57\u5927\u5168\uff09
\n[1] \u5085\u68a6\u5747\u3001\u5085\u708e\u957f\u3001\u5085\u6bbf\u5168\u3001\u5085\u5764\u5c97[2] \u5085\u660e\u5fb7\u3001\u5085\u7ecd\u6c5f\u3001\u5085\u7a0b\u607a\u3001\u5085\u548f\u8d5e[3] \u5085\u6df1\u4f26\u3001\u5085\u7686\u5065\u3001\u5085\u68ee\u79d1\u3001\u5085\u52a0\u542b[4] \u5085\u4e66\u51f0\u3001\u5085\u539f\u5cb3\u3001\u5085\u94e8\u660e\u3001\u5085\u8427\u8a00[5] \u5085\u8d5e\u745c\u3001\u5085\u80dc\u660a\u3001\u5085\u5cf0\u94f6\u3001\u5085\u5f00\u901a[6] \u5085\u5ff5\u8363\u3001\u5085\u6069\u6842\u3001\u5085\u5143\u78ca\u3001\u5085\u5f3c\u6e90[7] \u5085\u4e3d\u82b3\u3001\u5085\u5174\u95fb\u3001\u5085\u5174\u9e64\u3001\u5085\u94bf\u5353[8] \u5085\u6676\u5ffb\u3001\u5085\u8ff0\u828a\u3001\u5085\u9707\u7fa4\u3001\u5085\u6b63\u8fea[9] \u5085\u8654\u5747\u3001\u5085\u7f8e\u8c0a\u3001\u5085\u81fb\u54f2\u3001\u5085\u96bd\u709c
\n\u600e\u4e48\u770b\u5b9d\u5b9d\u53d6\u540d\u597d\u4e0d\u597d\uff1f
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